Background and Aim: Although orthodontists have long recognized that the EXTRACTION (Ext) of premolars often is accompanied by changes in the soft tissue profile, investigations indicate that the soft tissue does not always respond favorably to hard-tissue retraction. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of treatment, with and without premolar Ext, on the lateral facial profiles of borderline patients with particular reference to the curvature of the upper and lower lips.Materials & Methods: Eighty-nine border line patients were included in this study. 41 patients were treated with a non-EXTRACTION (Non-Ext) protocol, 16 patients were treated with EXTRACTIONs of 5.5, 18 patients with 4.4 and 14 patients with 4.5. All pre-and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were traced and analysis by one examiner. To quantify the soft tissue effects of growth and treatment, the depths of the upper and lower lip curves were calculated in two ways relative to the PM reference line and anterior soft tissue reference line.Results: The changes in depth of upper and lower lip curves were statistically significant (P<0.001).The Non-Ext group showed an increase in depth of upper and lower lip curves, whereas the Ext group showed a decrease in depth of upper and lower lip curves. No significant differences were found between the various EXTRACTION sequences (5.5, 4.4, 4.5) for depth of the upper and lower lip curves changes.Conclusions: l) The upper and lower lip changes were significant; more retrusive in the Ext group and more protrusive in the Non-Ext group. 2) There were no significant post treatment differences in the depths of upper and lower lip curves between premolar EXTRACTION sequences.

Background & Aim: EXTRACTION of first premolars and their influence on the third molars' eruption and impaction has been of concern to dental profession. The aim of this study, was to determine the relation between the changes of third molar angulation and the first premolar EXTRACTION in orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: This analytical study was carried out on total 90 subjects selected from two orthodontic clinics. Forty five subjects (14 males and 31 females) 14.46±1.64 years old treated with EXTRACTION of four first premolars (EXTRACTION group) and the other 45 subjects (13 males, 32 females) 13.9±1.99 years old treated by nonEXTRACTION were studied. Lateral cephalometric and panoramic films were studied before and after treatment. Eight angles in panoramic, four angles and 4 linear variables on the lateral cephalometric films were measured. Age, gender, amount of crowding in both dental arches and treatment duration were matched in the two groups. Student t and chi square tests were used to analyze the data.Results: The upper eruption space and the lower eruption spaces were more in EXTRACTION group and the difference was significant (P=0.02, P=0.004, P<0.001). The changes of third molar angulation were not significant between the two groups. Eruption rate of the third molars in both arches were more in EXTRACTION group and the difference was significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: EXTRACTION of the first premolars did not influence the changes in the third molar angulation, while it affected the third molar eruption by space creation. It seems that EXTRACTION of the first premolars is not a way for secure eruption of the third molar.

Introduction: Use of an adhesive with a suitable composite resin is an important factor in tooth-colored restorations and increasing marginal sealing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of various adhesives with composite resins using fluid filtration and dye EXTRACTION techniques and assessment of the correlation between these two techniques.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, class II cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of 48 extracted sound human premolar teeth, measuring 1.5±0.5 mm in gingival width, 4 mm in occluso-gingival height and 1.3 of the inter-cuspal distance in width. The samples were divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1; OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 2: OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Master Dent composite resin; Group 3: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 4: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Master Dent composite resin. Microleakage was assessed primarily by fluid filtration and then by dye EXTRACTION techniques. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, with Bonferroni correction and Spearman's rho correlation test at 95% confidence interval.Results: The minimum and maximum mean microleakage values were recorded in fluid filtration and dye EXTRACTION techniques groups 1 and 4, respectively. There were significant differences between the experimental groups in microleakage with the two methods of leakage assessment (p value=0.001). Spearman's rho revealed a strongly direct correlation between the two methods (r=0.797, p value=0.000).Conclusion: In both methods of microleakage assessment, use of ethanol-based in comparison to acetone-based adhesive resulted in microleakage reduction. Application of light-cured composite resin contrary to self-cured composite resin with both types of adhesives increased marginal sealing ability.

In this project, a simple and low-cost method for the simultaneous EXTRACTION of dimenhydrinate and omeprazole from blood serum, urine and pharmaceutical samples is reported. The proposed method is based on dispersive solid phase microEXTRACTION by modified graphene oxide adsorbent. The polyphenols of rosemary extract are polymerized in the presence of amino acid lysine and formaldehyde and functionalize the surface of graphene oxide. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman were used to identify the synthesized composite. Simultaneous analysis of dimenhydrinate and omeprazole was performed by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet/visible detector (HPLC-UV). The results of the work evaluation led to the achievement of a linear range of 1-400 µg/L, detection limits of 0.33-0.48 µg/L, and the coefficient of determination (R2) of more than 0.9991 for both analytes. The recovery % (more than 94.3) obtained from the analysis of real samples of blood serum and urine shows the high accuracy of the method and the absence of matrix effect. The F-test was used to compare the precision and the t-test was used to compare the accuracy of the proposed method with ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy methods on dimenhydrinate tablets and omeprazole capsules, and the results showed that there is no significant difference between the answers obtained from the two methods.